Contributors, ix
Preface, xvi
Acknowledgments, xviii
Section I: Basic Principles
1 Intrauterine growth and development, 3
Timothy Moss, Cheryl Albuquerque & Richard Harding
2 Maternal physiological adaptations to pregnancy, 19
Julie Phillips, MD, Melissa Covington, MD & George Osol, PhD
3 Placental respiratory gas exchange, 25
Lowell Davis
4 The fetal circulation, 32
Loren P. Thompson, PhD & Kazumasa Hashimoto, MD
5 Fetal responses to hypoxia, 39
Tania L. Kasdaglis, MD and Ahmet A. Baschat MD
6 Pharmacokinetics in pregnancy, 53
Janine R Hutson, MSc, Chagit Klieger-Grossmann MD & Gideon Koren MD, FRCPC, FABMT
7 The first few breaths: normal transition from intra- to extra-uterine life, 63
Smadar Eventov-Friedman, MD/PhD & Benjamin Bar-Oz, MD
Section II: Endpoint Variables: Assessments of Fetal Wellbeing and Neonatal Outcome
8 Validity of endpoint measurement, 75
Pamela Angle MD MSc, FRCPC, Stephen Halpern MD MSc, FRCPC, Marcos Silva MD & Alex Kiss PhD
Section III: Antenatal and Intrapartum Assessment of the Fetus
9 Imaging of the fetus and the uteroplacental blood supply: ultrasound, 89
Kypros Nicolaides
10 Imaging of the fetus and the uteroplacental blood supply: MRI, 97
Caroline Wright & Philip Baker
11 Fetal heart rate monitoring, 104
Alison M. Premo & Sarah J. Kilpatrick
12 Fetal acid-base monitoring, 114
Lennart Nordström
13 Fetal pulse oximetry, 123
Paul B Colditz & Christine East
14 Neonatal assessment and prediction of neonatal outcome, 129
Vadivelam Murthy & Anne Greenough
Section IV: Interventions: anesthesia, analgesia, and their effects on the fetus
15 Environmental exposure to anesthetic agents, 141
Asher Ornoy, MD
16 Anesthesia and analgesia for assisted reproduction techniques and during the first trimester, 147
Arvind Palanisamy, MD, FRCA & Lawrence C. Tsen, MD
17 The effect of anesthetic drugs on the developing fetus: considerations in non-obstetric surgery, 156
Richard S. Gist MD CDR MC USN & Yaakov Beilin MD
18 Substance abuse and pregnancy, 165
Donald H. Penning MD, MS, FRCP & Allison J. Lee, MD
19 Intrauterine fetal procedures for congenital anomalies, 173
Amar Nijagal MD, Hanmin Lee MD & Mark Rosen MD
20 The EXIT procedure, 183
Sheldon M. Stohl, MD, Hindi E. Stohl, MD, Ari Y. Weintraub, MD & Kha M. Tran, MD
21 Mechanisms and consequences of anesthetic-induced neuroapoptosis in the developing brain, 192
Zhaowei Zhou, Adam P Januszewski, Mervyn Maze & Daqing Ma
22 Relevance to clinical anesthesia of anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity in developing animals, 200
Catherine E. Creeley, Mervyn Maze & John W. Olney
23 External cephalic version, 210
Carolyn F. Weiniger MB ChB & Yossef Ezra MD
Section V: Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery
24 Effects on the fetus of general versus regional anesthesia, 217
Sharon Orbach-Zinger MD and Yehuda Ginosar BSc MBBS
25 Anesthesia for cesarean delivery: effects on the fetus of maternal blood pressure control, 235
ProfessorWarwick D. Ngan Kee, BHB, MBChB, MD, FANZCA, FHKCA, FHKAM
26 Effects on the fetus of maternal oxygen administration, 244
Neeti Sadana, MD and Scott Segal, MD, MHCM
27 Effects on the fetus of maternal position during cesarean delivery, 251
Robin Russell MB BS MD FRCA
Section VI: Analgesia for labor
28 Effects on the fetus of systemic vs. neuraxial analgesia, 263
Stephen H. Halpern MD, MSc, FRCPC & Marcos Silva MD
29 The effects on the fetus of early versus late regional analgesia, 270
Cynthia A. Wong, MD 270
30 Regional analgesia, maternal fever, and its effect on the fetus and neonate, 277
Tabitha A. Tanqueray, Philip J. Steer & Steve M. Yentis
31 Effects on the fetus of major maternal anesthetic complications, 285
Felicity Plaat MA MBBS FRCA & Ruth Bedson MBBS FRCA
Section VII: Confounding Variables: The Compromised Fetus, the Compromised Mother
32 Twins and higher order multiple pregnancies: implications for the anesthesiologist, 295
Y. Habaz, J. Barrett & E.S. Shinwell
33 Preeclampsia: the compromised fetus, the compromised mother, 301
Henry L. Galan, MD & Todd R. Lovgren, MD
34 Fetal distress, 313
Robert A Dyer, FCA (SA), PhD & Leann K Schoeman, FCOG (SA)
Section VIII: Trauma and Resuscitation
35 Maternal trauma, 325
Yuval Meroz MD, Uriel Elchalal, MD & Avraham I Rivkind, MD FACS
36 Maternal resuscitation and perimortem cesarean delivery, 333
Sharon Einav, MD, Sorina Grisaru-Granovski, MD, PhD & Joseph Varon MD, FACP, FCCP, FCCM
37 Fetal resuscitation, 343
Stephen Michael Kinsella & Andrew Shennan
38 Neonatal resuscitation and immediate neonatal emergencies, 350
Ritu Chitkara, MD, Anand K. Rajani, MD & Louis P. Halamek, MD
Section IX: Medicine, Ethics, and the Law
39 Fetal beneficence and maternal autonomy: ethics and the law, 363
William J. Sullivan, QC & M. Joanne Douglas, MD, FRCPC
40 Maternal-fetal research in pregnancy, 372
Frank A. Chervenak, MD & Laurence B. McCullough, PhD
Index, 379