Chapter 1
Organization of the Human Body
•Anatomy and Physiology Defined
•Levels of Organization and Body Systems
•Life Processes
•Homeostasis
•Aging and Homeostasis
•Anatomical Terms
•Body Cavities
•Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants
•Medical Imaging
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 2
Introductory Chemistry
•Introduction to Chemistry
•Chemical Compounds
Inorganic Compounds
Organic Compounds
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 3
Cells
•A Generalized View of the Cell
•The Plasma Membrane
•Transport Across the Plasma Membrane
Passive Processes
Active Transport
Transport in Vesicles
•Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Organelles
•Nucleus
•Gene Action: Protein Synthesis
•Somatic Cell Division
•Aging and Cells
Common Disorders
Medical Terminology and Conditions
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 4
Tissues
•Introduction
•Types of Tissues and Their Origins
•Cell Junctions
Tight Junctions
Plaque-Bearing Junctions
Gap Junctions
•Epithelial Tissue
Classification
Covering and Lining Epithelium
Glandular Epithelium
•Connective Tissue
General Features
Components
Classification
Types of Mature Connective Tissue
•Membranes
Mucous Membranes
Serous Membranes
Synovial Membranes
•Introduction to Muscle Tissue
•Introduction to Nervous Tissue
•Aging and Tissues
•Clinical Applications
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 5
The Integumentary System
•Introduction
•Structure of Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Skin Color
•Accessory Structures of the Skin
Hair
Skin Glands
Nails
Types of Skin
•Functions of the Skin
•Blood Supply of the Integumentary System
•Developmental Anatomy of the Integumentary System
•Aging and the Integumentary System
•Clinical Applications
•Applications to Health
•Pathology of the Integumentary System for Massage Therapists
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 6
Bone Tissue
•Introduction
•Functions of the Skeletal System
•Anatomy of a Bone
•Histology of Bone Tissue
Compact Bone Tissue
Spongy Bone Tissue
•Nerve and Blood Supply of Bone
•Bone Formation
Intramembranous Ossification
Endochondral Ossification
•Bone Growth
•Bone Replacement
•Fracture and Repair of Bone
•Exercise and Bone Tissue
•Developmental Anatomy of the Skeletal System
•Aging and Bone Tissue
•Clinical Applications
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 7
The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton
•Introduction
•Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
Clavicle
Scapula
•Upper Limbs (Extremity)
Humerus
Ulna and Radius
Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
•Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
•Comparison of Female and Male Pelves
•Comparison of Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles
•Lower Limb (Extremity)
Femur
Patella
Tibia and Fibula
Tarsals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges
Arches of the Foot
•Clinical Applications
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 8
The Skeletal System: The Axial Skeleton
•Introduction
•Divisions of the Skeletal System
•Types of Bones
•Bone Surface Markings
•Vertebral Column
Parts of a Typical Vertebra
Regions
Intervertebral Discs
Normal Curves
•Thorax
Sternum
Ribs
• Skull
General Features
Cranial Bones
Facial Bones
Special Features of the Skull
Cranial Fossae
•Hyoid Bone
•Clinical Applications
•Applications to Health
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 9
Joints
•Introduction
•Joint Classifications
•Fibrous Joints
•Cartilaginous Joints
•Synovial Joints
Structure of Synovial Joints
Bursae and Tendon Sheaths
Types of Synovial Joints
•Types of Movements at Synovial Joints
•Selected Joints of the Body
Temporomandibular Joint
Shoulder Joint
Elbow Joint
Hip Joint
Knee Joint
Vertebral Joint
•Factors Affecting Contact and Range of Motion
•Aging and Joints
•Clinical Applications
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 10
Muscle Tissue
•Overview of Muscle Tissue
Types of Muscle Tissue
Functions of Muscle Tissue
•Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Connective Tissue Components
Nerve and Blood Supply
Histology
•Contraction and Relaxation of Skeletal Muscle
Basics of the Sliding-Filament Mechanism
Neuromuscular Junctions
Physiology of Contraction
Relaxation
Muscle Tone
•Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
•Control of Muscle Tension
•Exercise and Skeletal Muscle Tissue
•Cardiac Muscle Tissue - Introduction
•Smooth Muscle Tissue
•Aging and the Muscular System
•Clinical Applications
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 11
The Muscular System: Muscles of the Head and Neck
•Introduction
•How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movement
Origins and Insertion
Lever Systems
Effects of Fascicle Arrangement
Coordination Within Muscle Groups
•How Skeletal Muscles are Named
•Selected Muscles of the Head and Neck
Muscles of Facial Expression
Muscles That Move the Eyeballs - Introduction
Muscles That Move the Mandible
Muscles That Move the Tongue - Introduction
Muscles of the Floor of the Oral Cavity
Muscles That Move the Head
Muscles of the Larynx - Introduction
Muscles of the Pharynx - Introduction
•Clinical Applications
•Applications to Health
TMJ
Sternocleidomastoid - Problem Child
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 12
The Muscular System: Muscles of the Torso
•Introduction
•Muscles That Act on the Abdominal Wall
•Muscles Used in Breathing
•Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum - Introduction
•Muscles That Move the Vertebral Column
•Clinical Applications
Quadratus Lumborum - The Hip Hiker
Erector Spinae -
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 13
The Muscular System: Muscles of the Upper Extremity
•Muscles That Move the Pectoral Girdle
•Muscles That Move the Humerus
•Muscles That Move the Radius and Ulna
•Muscles That Move the Wrist, Hand, and Digits
•Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
•Clinical Applications
Pectoralis Minor and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Tennis Elbow
Golf Elbow
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 14
The Muscular System: Muscles of the Lower Extremity
•Introduction
•Muscles That Move the Femur
•Muscles That Act on the Femur, Tibia, and Fibula
•Muscles That more the Foot and Toes
•Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot - Introduction
•Clinical Applications
Sciatica and Piriformis
Shinsplints
Tracking of the Patella
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 15
Nervous Tissue
•Overview of the Nervous System
Structures of the Nervous System
Functions of the Nervous System
Organization of the Nervous System
•Histology of the Nervous System
Neurons
Neuroglia
Myelination
Gray and White Matter
•Action Potentials - Introduction
•Synaptic Transmission
Events at a Synapse
Neurotransmitters
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 16
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
•Introduction
•Spinal Cord Anatomy
Protective Structures
External Anatomy
Internal Anatomy
•Spinal Cord Functions
Sensory and Motor Tracts
Reflexes and Reflex Arcs
•Stretch Reflex
•Tendon Reflex
•Flexor Reflex
•Cross Extensor Reflex
•Babinski Reflex
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 17
Brain and Cranial Nerves
•Introduction
•Developmental Anatomy of the Nervous System
•Protective Coverings
•Brain Blood Supply and the Blood-Brain Barrier
•Cerebrospinal Fluid
•Brain Stem
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Midbrain
Reticular Formation
•Diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal Gland
•Cerebellum
•Cerebrum
Limbic System
Functional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
Somatic Sensory and Somatic Motor Pathways
Hemispheric Lateralization
Memory
Electroencephalogram - Introduction
•Cranial Nerves
•Aging and the Nervous System
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
Chapter 18
The Autonomic Nervous System
•Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
•Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Division
Parasympathetic Division
•Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System
•ANS Neurotransmitters
•Activities of the ANS
Sympathetic Activities
Parasympathetic Activities
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 19
Somatic and Special Senses
•Overview of Sensations
•Somatic Senses
Tactile Sensations
•Touch
•Pressure and Vibration
•Itch and Tickle
Thermal Sensations
Pain Sensations
Proprioception Sensations
•Special Senses
Olfaction
Taste
Vision
Hearing
Equilibrium
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 20
The Endocrine System
•Introduction
•Chemistry and Mechanisms of Hormone Action
•Control of Hormone Secretions
•Hypothalamus ands Pituitary Gland
•Anterior Pituitary Hormones
•Posterior Pituitary Hormones
•Thyroid Gland
Actions of Thyroid Hormones
Controls of Thyroid Hormone Secretion
Calcitonin
•Parathyroid Glands
•Pancreatic Islets and Hormones
•Adrenal Glands
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
Adrenal Medulla Hormones
•Ovaries and Testes
•Pineal Gland
•Other Hormones - Introduction
•The Stress Response
•Aging and the Endocrine System
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 21
The Cardiovascular System: Blood
•Functions of Blood
•Components of Whole Blood
Blood Plasma
Formed Elements
•Red Blood Cells
•White Blood Cells
•Platelets
•Hemostasis
Vascular Spasm
Platelet Plug Formation
Clotting
Hemostatic Control Mechanisms
Clotting in Blood Vessels
•Blood Groups and Blood Types
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 22
The Cardiovascular System: Heart
•Structure and Organization of the Heart
Location and Coverings of the Heart
Heart Wall
Chambers
Great Vessels of the Heart
Valves
•Blood Flow and Blood Supply of the Heart
•Conduction System of the Heart
•Electrocardiogram - Introduction
•The Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds
•Cardiac Output
Regulation of Stroke Volume
Regulation of Heart Rate
•Exercise and the Heart
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 23
The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels
•Blood Vessel Structure and Function
Arteries and Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules and Veins
•Blood Flow Through Blood Vessels
Blood Pressure
Resistance
Regulation of Blood Pressure and Resistance
•Checking Circulation
•Circulatory Routes
Systemic Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
Hepatic Portal Circulation
Fetal Circulation
•Aging and the Cardiovascular System
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 24
The Lymphatic System
•Lymphatic and Immune System
•Lymphatic Organs and Tissues
Thymus
Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Lymphatic Nodules
•Nonspecific Resistance
First Line of Defense: Barriers
Second Line of Defense: Internal Defenses
•Specific Resistance: Immunity
Maturation of T Cells and B Cells
Types of Immune Response
Antigens and Antibodies
T Cells and Cell-Mediated Immunity
B Cells and Antibody-Mediated Immunity
Immunological Memory
Primary and Secondary Response
Naturally vs. Artificially Acquired Immunity
•Aging and the Immune System
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 25
The Respiratory System
•Organs of the Respiratory System
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi and Bronchioles
Lungs
•Ventilation - Introduction
•Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
•Transport of Respiratory Gases - Introduction
•Control of Respiration
•Exercise and the Respiratory System
•Aging and the Respiratory System
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 26
The Digestive System
•Overview of the Digestive System
•Layers of the GI Tract and the Omentum
•Mouth
Tongue
Salivary Glands
Teeth
Digestion in the Mouth - Introduction
•Pharynx and Esophagus
•Stomach
Structure of the Stomach
Digestion and Absorption in the Stomach
•Pancreas
Structure of the Pancreas
Pancreatic Juice
Regulation of Pancreatic Secretions
•Liver and Gallbladder
Structure
Bile
Functions of the Liver
•Small Intestine
Structure
Intestinal Juice
Digestion and Absorption in the Small Intestine
•Large Intestine
Structure
Digestion and Absorption in the Large Intestine
The Defecation Reflex
•Aging and the Digestive System
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 27
Nutrition and Metabolism
•Nutrients
•Metabolism
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Lipid Metabolism
Protein Metabolism
•Metabolism and Body Heat
Measuring Heat
Body Temperature Homeostasis
Regulation of Body Temperature
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 28
The Urinary System
•Overview
•Structure of the Kidneys
External Anatomy
Internal Anatomy
Renal Blood Supply
Nephrons
•Functions of the Nephron
Glomerular Filtration
Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion
Components of Urine
•Transportation, Storage, and Elimination of Urine
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Micturition
•Aging and the Urinary System
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Chapter 29
The Reproductive Systems
•Male Reproductive System
Scrotum and Testes
Ducts
Accessory Sex Glands
Semen
Penis
•Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
Uterine Tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Perineum and Vulva
Mammary Glands
Female Reproductive Cycle
•Hormonal Control
•Phases of the Cycle
•The Human Sexual Response - Introduction
•Birth Control and Abortion - Introduction
•Aging and the Reproductive Systems
•Applications to Health
•Medical Terminology
•Study Outline
•Self Quiz
Glossary
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